Jordan
Jordan[a] (tiếng Ả Rập: الأردن Al-Urdunn), tên chính thức Vương quốc Hashemite Jordan (tiếng Ả Rập: المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية,Al Mamlakah al Urdunnīyah al Hāshimīyah) là một quốc gia Ả Rập tại Trung Đông trải dài từ phần phía nam của sa mạc Syria tới vịnh Aqaba.
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Jordan lies on the Northwest of the Arabian Peninsula. Apart from a short coastline along the Gulf of Aquaba, it is completely landlocked, or cut off from the sea. Much of eastern Jordan is desert, with mountains in the north and south. Most of it people are Muslim and speak Arabic. Jordan is a relatively new country (it became fully independent in 1946), but some of the world's oldest site are found here. In recent years, the goverment has played a part in peace talks between the Israelis and their Arab neighbours.
Population growth: The population of Jordan, roughly equally divided between Jordanians and Palestinian refugees. is growing rapidly. Providing housing, jobs, schools, and healthcare for the growing number of people is one of the Jordanian goverment's most urgent problems.
Petra: The spectacuar rose-red city of Petra was carved out of desert rock by the Nabateans in the 4th century BC. It is Jordan's most famous historic site. Among the amazing rock-cut building are the Khazneh (Treasury) and the Royal Tombs, reached on horseback through a narrow, winding gully.
Refugee Camps: When Israel was formed in 1948, tens of thousands of Palestinians were forced to flee their homes and become refugees in Jordan and other Arab countries. More than 40 years later, they are still here. In Jordan alone, there are 1.6 million Palestinian refugees. Many children have been born and bought up in refugee camp is near Amman.
Gulf of Aqaba: The gulf of Aqaba is the narrow, northeastern arm of the Red Sea between Saudi Arab anf the Sinai Peninsula. It is 160 km long and up to 27 km wide. At its head lies Jordan's one seaport, Aqaba. This short stretch of coastline is Jordan's only outlet to the sea. It is also popular with holiday-markers and brought up in refugee camps. This Palestinian refugee camp is near Amman.
River Jordan: Water is in short supply throughout Near East. Control of the River Jordan, which forms the border between Jordan and Israel, has become an imprtant issue in peace talks between the two countries. Jordan, a relatively poor country, has a particular need for a greater share of the water to irrigate its land and produce more crops.
